BĀRHANG (also bārtang) is a seed with many therapeutic applications (as seen below in details). Nowadays it seems that the therapeutic utilization of the common plantain in Iran and some neighboring countries is limited to the use of the dried ripe seeds, especially against diarrhea and dysentery. This is probably the oldest recognized main use of the plantain/Barhang. Avecina also states that both the greater and the lesser plantain seeds (two slightly different plant types) are very effective against “rheumatism” and “intestinal complaints”.
In Iran, plantain seeds in an infusion/combination with the mucilaginous seeds of three other plants—Sisymbrium alliaria Scop., quince, and Cordia mixa L.—are used as a demulcent and expectorant in some pulmonary ailments. This popular traditional compound is called č(ah)ār-toḵm(a),lit. “the four seeds.” The Barhang seeds are also believed to be effective as a coolant, against erysipelas, and to speed up the maturation of boils and abscesses with all these applications being mentioned and used in traditional Persian medicine...
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